Manufacturers across industries rely on cost-effective UV absorbers and stabilizers to provide resilient, long-lasting products for end users. These additives are staples in demanding applications, from aerospace and automotive to plastics and epoxy resins. Here’s what to know about UV stabilizer additives, absorbers, and the formulation process.
UV Stabilizer vs. UV Absorber vs. UV Quencher
The sun’s ultraviolet rays take a dramatic toll on exposed surfaces, negatively impacting the color, density, and characteristics of coatings, polymers, and epoxies. UV stabilizers and UV absorbers mitigate UV damage in several ways and preserve the aesthetic and functional integrity of products.
What Is a UV Absorber?
UV absorbers are additives that absorb UV radiation to protect coatings and similar products . UV absorber additives share surface space with the primary compound but attract UV rays at a higher rate. This protects polymers in the substrate from exposure, mitigating the long-term effects.
The energy from UV radiation is converted into heat, safely releasing the absorbed energy.
What Is UV Absorbance Used For?
UV-absorbing coatings are used in a wide range of materials, although their efficacy varies based on several factors. The key variable is material density; absorbers work best in thick, dense compounds. As a result, thin coatings and films do not benefit from UV absorbers. Formulators must also account for concentration levels and the impact of other substances included in the product to estimate end-product results.
It’s also important to note that UV absorbers are a first line of defense. Many products also include UV stabilizers and quenchers to enhance protection.
Some examples of ideal UV absorber coatings include:
- Automotive: Clear coats and underbody coatings
- Construction: Exterior paints and roofing materials
- Retail: Packaging and manufactured goods
- Plastics: Outdoor furniture
What Is a UV Stabilizer?
UV stabilizer additives are chemicals incorporated into a range of coatings and polymers to mitigate degradation caused by UV radiation. The effects of prolonged UV exposure, namely discoloration, surface degradation, and reduced structural integrity, result from chemical reactions within the polymers themselves. While there are unique UV stabilizers for epoxy, coatings, and other applications, these additives all work in a similar way.
The most common type of stabilizer is a family of chemicals known as Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers, or HALS for short. These compounds break down free radicals, reactive molecules generated by UV radiation and the root cause of polymer degradation. Fascinatingly, HALS are regenerative, protecting the lifespan of the end product.
There are two subtypes of HALS:
- Monomeric HALS provide surface-level protection.
- Polymeric HALS offer substrate protection through the core of the material
The quality, formulation, and concentration of HALS are of considerable technical importance. Tilley Distribution is a proud partner of Songwon Industrial, one of the industry’s leading polymer stabilizer manufacturers. Explore Tilley’s catalog of Songwon absorbers, stabilizers, and plastic antioxidants.
As noted previously, stabilizers are often used in conjunction with absorbers to improve results. Stabilizers, and HALS in particular, do not work well with certain compounds. UV stabilizers for PVC often require careful formulation and rely on absorbers plus another additive: UV quenchers.
Where Are UV Stabilizers Used?
UV stabilizers for polymers, epoxies, and other compounds are used in paints, varnishes, and plastics. They are especially common in products that need additional protection from heat when absorbers are not applicable.
UV Quenchers
UV quenchers often supplement absorbers and stabilizers to augment performance. Quenchers react when compound molecules absorb UV energy. When a molecule reacts, quenchers transfer the excess energy from it and release it, usually as heat. Quencher additives do not absorb the heat, which differentiates them from absorbers. The effectiveness of a quencher depends on its compatibility with other coating or polymer components and the intensity of UV exposure, which is why it is rarely used in isolation.
UV Protection in New Applications: Agriculture and 3D Printing
UV additives are finding new ways to improve production and quality in new, diverse fields – literally.
Existing and new UV stabilizing films are being developed to protect crops from UV light and enhance plant growth. A warming planet and volatile UV protection in the atmosphere have already impacted crop yields, pushing researchers to develop UV films to prevent damage and filter light waves to suit particular plants.
Furthermore, 3D printing’s growing role in test-phase and consumer-ready products has introduced a need for UV-resistant filaments and resins. To meet the requirements of 3D printers, formulators have adapted existing additives to make 3D printed goods more durable, especially in outdoor applications.
Stabilizer and Absorber Expertise – That’s Tilley
At Tilley Distribution, we’ve forged strong relationships with leading UV stabilizer, absorber, and quencher manufacturers to source and deliver quality products for our customers. Paired with our deep CASE experience, we provide real-world solutions to pressing challenges, from reformulation to research and development. See what sets us apart; get in touch to speak with a Tilley representative today.
